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Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)—also known as chronic granulocytic,
chronic myelocytic or chronic myelogenous leukemia— is a rare type of blood cancer that typically grows worse slowly. Unlike other cancers, chronic myeloid leukemia originates from the presence of a genetic abnormality in blood cells called the Philadelphia chromosome and progresses through distinct phases. In a healthy person, bone marrow makes the blood stem cells that mature into infection-fighting white blood cells, oxygen-carrying red blood cells and blood-clotting platelets. When a person has CML, too many blood stem cells develop into a type of white blood cell called granulocytes, which are abnormal and never become healthy white blood cells. In the first stages of CML, known as the chronic phase, patients show few signs of illness. In the end, however, millions of abnormal, useless white blood cells accumulate, preventing production of normal blood cells and blood-clotting platelets. Patients suffer from infections, anemia, uncontrolled bleeding and other complications that lead to death. CML usually occurs during or after middle age and rarely develops in children. Bone-marrow or stem-cell transplantation is the only known cure for the disease. The Last few years new drugs have come on the market, keeping white cells from multiplying so fast. This allows patients to live longer and healthy. |
